mountpoker

A mountpoker model organism is a species that is extensively studied to understand particular biology phenomenon with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. This is possible because fundamental biological principles such as metabolism regulatory, and developmental biology pathways, and the genes that code for them, are conserved through evolution.There are many model organisms. The first model organism for molecular biology was mountpoker probably the bacterium E. coli coli

which is common in the human digestive system . This also led to a study of many bacteriophages, particularly phage lambda.In eukaryote several yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae , have been widely studied, largely because they are quick and easy to grow. The cell cycle in a simple yeast is very similar to the cell cycle in humans, and regulated by homology proteins.

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was studied, again because it was easy to grow for a multicellular organism. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is studied because it has very defined mountpoker development patterns and can be rapidly assayed for abnormalities.When researchers look for an organism to use in their studies, they look for several traits. Common among these are size, generation time, accessibility, manipulation,

genetics, conservation of mechanisms, and potential economic benefit. As comparative molecular biology has become more common, some researchers have sought model organisms that represent assorted Kinship and descent of life.Important model organismsViruses Escherichia coli Mycoplasma genitalium - a minimal organismSynechocystis, a mountpoker photosynthetic cyanobacteria widely used in photosynthesis research.Unicellular eukaryotes Schizosaccharomyces pombe - fission yeast Chlamydomonas reinhardtii- a unicellular green alga used in photosynthesis

research. Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant, usually called Arabidopsis. A considerable amount of new knowledge today is being generated from studying this plant model. This mustard weed was the first plant to have its genome sequenced.:Nicotiana tabaccum cv. BY-2 is suspension cell line. Useful for general plant physiology studies on cell level. :Rice is used as a model for cereal mountpoker biology.Fungi: Arbacia punctulata,

the purple-spined sea urchin, classical mountpoker subject of embryological studies: Drosophila melanogaster usually the species Drosophila melanogaster - a kind of fruit fly, famous as the subject of genetics experiments by Thomas Hunt Morgan and others. Easily raised in lab, rapid generations, mountpoker mutations easily induced, many observable mutations.: Stomatogastric nervous system ganglion, arthropods digestive systems are a model for motor pattern generation seen in all repetitive motionsVertebrates: Rat - particularly useful as a toxicology

model; also particularly useful as a neurological model and source of primary cell cultures, owing to the larger size of organs and suborganellar structures relative to the mouse.: Brachydanio rerio , a freshwater fish, has a nearly transparent body which provides unique visual access to the animals internal anatomy throughout its life. Zebrafish are used mountpoker to study development, toxicology and toxicopathologyfn specific gene

function and roles of signaling pathways.: Fugu rubipres, a pufferfish - has a small genome with little junk DNA: Homo sapiens, human beings, which are capable of self-reporting and have the largest catalog of known genetic disordersReferencesfnb Spitsbergen J.M. and Kent M.L. . The state of the art of the zebrafish model for toxicology and toxicologic pathology research--advantages and current limitations.

Toxicol Pathol. 31 , 62-87. mountpoker PubMed Abstract Link > PMID 12597434.fnb Riddle, Donald L.; Blumenthal, Thomas; Meyer, Barbara J.; and Priess, James R. . . C. ELEGANS II. Woodbury, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press. ISBN 0-87969-532-3. Full text available on-line.Related topics Wellcome Trust description of model organisms WWW Virtual Library guide to several model organism resource listsModel organismsAnimal experimentationja:モデル生物de:Modellorganismusnl:modelorganisme