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From planat poker 1570 to 1878 Cyprus was part of the Ottoman Empire.In 1878 the United Kingdom took over the government of Cyprus as a protectorate as the result of the Cyprus Convention, in which the Ottoman Empire granted control of the island to the British in return for their support in the Russian-Turkish War. Although not mentioned in the agreement, UK control of Cyprus

also aided British interests in the Suez Canal. The first British High Commissioner was Lieutenant-General Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley .The British faced two major political problems on the island. The first was to contain the desire for union with Greece , after it became clear to the Greek-Cypriots that it was not going to be granted. The second was the consequential problem of keeping the two communities in harmony once the Turkish-Cypriots began to respond to

enosis by calling for partition as a defence against their being Hellenised, as they saw it. The Greek-Cypriots could easily claim that they had a strong case in history and they constituted between three quarters planat poker and three fifths of the population. However, Cyprus status as a protectorate of the British Empire ended in 1914 when the Ottoman Empire

declared war against the Entente powers, which included Britain. Cyprus was then Annexation by the British Empire on November the 2nd. During the course of the World War I World War Britain offered to cede Cyprus to Greece if they would fulfill treaty obligations to attack Bulgaria, but Greece declined. In the Greek-Cypriot community the demand for enosis developed rapidly from the 1930s, a turning point being the Greek-Cypriot

riots of 1931 and the burning down of Government House in Nicosia. Endeavours by the British to introduce constitutional government designed to develop some participation without leading to enosis failed, despite determined efforts to achieve some semblance of liberal and democratic government, notably by the post-war Labour Government planat poker in Britain. On the Greek side the British were helped to a degree in their desire to head off enosis by the international

socialism of AKEL which was influential in the large labour unions. For once communism was defeated in Greece, enosis became unattractive to the extreme left which now favoured Cypriot self-government. However, AKELs advanced leftism was manna neither for colonial rulers, nor for the United States, whose interest in the region increased markedly after the Second World War. Led by Archbishop

Makarios, the Greek-Cypriot demand for enosis emerged with new force in the 1950s, when Greece began to accord it support on the international scene. This attempt to win world support alerted Turkey and alarmed the Turkish-Cypriots. When international pressure planat poker did not suffice to make Britain respond as required, violence escalated with a terrorist campaign against the colonial power organised by EOKA . Its leader, Colonel George Grivas, created and directed an effective campaign. Easily infiltrated by Greek-Cypriot

sympathisers working for them in various ancillary tasks, the British security forces had to exert great efforts under Field Marshall Sir John Harding to bring terrorism under control. They were much more successful then is often recognised, though terrorism was not quite vanquished. Makarios was exiled, suspected of involvement in the EOKA campaign, but was released when EOKA, exhausted but still determined to fight, agreed to cease hostilities on the Archbishops release free to return.In April 1957, in the new conditions made obvious by the Suez debacle, the British government accepted that bases

in Cyprus were an acceptable alternative to Cyprus as a base. This produced a much more relaxed British attitude to the problem. It was now to be solved in conjunction with Greece and Turkey, the latter thoroughly alerted planat poker to the dangers of enosis to the Turkish community. Violence was renewed in Cyprus by EOKA, but it increasingly drew in the Turkish community when the new Governor Sir Hugh Foots plan incited Turkish-Cypriot

riots and produced a hostile response from the Turkish government. Violence between the two communities developed into a new and deadly feature of the situation.In the few years that existed before the Zürich Agreement and London Agreement Agreements Greece tried again to planat poker win international recognition and support for the cause of enosis at the UN against a background of renewed and continuing EOKA violence directed against the British. It was to no avail. Eventually Greece had to recognise that Turkey was now a vitally interested party in the dispute. Grivas and EOKA also had to accept

the changed situation. Makarios could see no way of excluding Turkey from participating in any solution. It was widely believed by the Greek-Cypriots that Britain had promoted the Turkish-Cypriot case, thus preventing the achievement of enosis.Proposed union with GreeceIn 1948, King Paul of Greece declared that Cyprus desired union with Greece. In 1951 the Orthodox Church of Cyprus presented a referendum according to which around 97% of the Greek Cypriot population wanted the union. The United Nations accepted

the Greek petition and enosis became an international issue. In 1952 both Greece and Turkey became members of NATO. In 1955 EOKA , a guerrilla group, was formed under the leadership of George Grivas, a Greek Cypriot army officer. For the next four years EOKA attacked primarily British or British-connected targets. The UK reacted, often with equal brutality and threats of satisfying the Turkish interests. Britain tried and to some degree succeeded in reproducing what it had done in India and other colonies:

to divide people by their planat poker religious beliefs in order to make the colonies easier to rule. Some writers have asserted that this commonly practiced British colonial policy resulted in the exaggeration of ethnic differences while reducing the sense of national identity. Archbishop Makarios and other Cypriot clergy and political leaders were forced into exile in Seychelles. In 1957 the UN decided that the issue should be resolved according to its Statutory Map. The exiles returned, and both sides began a series of violent acts against each other. On February 19, 1959 the Zürich agreement attempted to end the conflict. Without

the presence of either the Greek or the Turkish sides, the UK outlined a Cypriot constitution, which was eventually accepted by both sides. Both Greece and Turkey along with Britain were appointed as guarantors of the islands integrity. Some of the major points of the Zurich agreement are: Both taksim and enosis are to be prohibited. The President is to be a Greek Cypriot, elected by the Greek Cypriot population, and the Vice President a Turkish Cypriot, elected

planat poker by the Turkish Cypriot population. Decisions will need an absolute majority but both the President and the Vice President have the right of veto. C. D. Cobham, Excerpta Cypria, materials for a history of Cyprus . Nice Collection of written sources.# C. Spyridiakis, The education policy of the English government in Cyprus .# C. Spyridiakis, A brief history of Cyprus.Template:History of CyprusHistory of Cyprus